TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW: THE CLASSIC DEMONSTRATION OF SYMMETRY, INSTABILITY, AND TRANSITION IN FLUID MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
We have two Taylor-Couette cells. These have different sizes, so the range of Taylor number can be quite large. The Taylor cell is a fixed cylinder with a rotating (solid) inner cylinder. The gap is filled with silicone oil laced with aluminum flakes for visualization. Inner rotation stresses the fluid. The V(r) distribution so formed is subject to various centrifugal and secondary shear flow instabilities.
Taylor number Ta = 4 Omega^2 D^4 / v^2, where Omega is the rotation period of the inner cylinder, D is the gap width, and v is the viscosity (~ 1.5 cs for the silicone oils used).
To operate:
Large apparatus with speed control (lower right). Attach belt (not shown) to various pulleys to create wide range of rotation rates.
Axisymmetric Taylor Vortices (the first symmetry breaking instability)
Turbulent flow. Note the remnants of large scale structure associated with the original Tayor Vortices in spite of the fact that the motion is highly turbulent.